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Social and Environmental Poisons and Fertility

Recreational drugs, environmental pollutants, caffeine and prescribed medications can play a major part in infertility.

It has become increasingly more prevalent that the public has turned to medical science with the expectation of cure and the relief for symptoms of disease. The primary health care system has identified prevention as the most cost-effective and attractive approach to the majority of medical problems. Infertility is no exception.

Infertile, or sub-fertile couples seeking medical intervention can often disregard lifestyle factors as having adverse effects on fertility. Although some studies have shown that people who smoke or drink alcohol have slightly reduced fertility rates, recreational drugs, environmental pollutants, caffeine and prescribed medications can also play a part.

Drugs
Drugs that can have an effect with fertility and cause birth defects are said to be 'teratogenic'. The long list includes prescription and over-the-counter drugs (including antibiotics, anti-cancer drugs, anticonvulsant drugs, benzodiazepines, dermatology drugs and vaccines); social drugs (like cigarettes, alcohol, caffeine and tannin) and illegal drugs (including amphetamines, cocaine, marijuana and heroin).

Taking two or more drugs at a time, such as combining alcohol with prescription drugs, can magnify the effects. If you are taking any medication and planning a pregnancy you should discuss your medication with your doctor without delay.

Caffeine
Caffeine's effect on fertility has been the focus of a number of studies with differing results. While some studies indicate that moderate caffeine intake will have no adverse effect with fertility, measuring the effects of caffeine alone is difficult as high caffeine consumers are quite often smokers or people with stressful lifestyles and these factors can also effect fertility. However non-smoking people who wish to achieve a pregnancy might benefit from a reduced caffeine intake.

Alcohol
Alcohol has been linked to various problems restricting fertility as it can damage both the sperm and the ovum prior to conception. Alcohol use affects the level of hormones oestrogen and progesterone and is also associated with menstrual cycle changes and anovulation. One study recommended that women concerned about their "fertility potential" should restrict alcohol consumption to no more than four drinks per week. However, the best option for your own peace of mind is to talk to your specialist to find out what is recommended for you.

Environmental pollutants
A number of studies have suggested a connection between environmental pollutants and infertility. Some chemicals such as found in pesticides and herbicides have been found to be "endocrine-disrupting", interfering with the normal functioning of hormones such as oestrogen and testosterone. Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and mercury can also impact on fertility. Repeated exposure to these substances may reduce fertility and increase the risk of miscarriage and birth defects. While exposure to toxins is often occupation related, chemical usage in the home and garden can also result in exposure. If you have any concerns about your job, workplace or your environment, discuss them with your doctor.

For the best possible outcome you should avoid exposure to social and environmental poisons wherever possible prior to and during pregnancy.

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